The definition of modern preventative medicine is that it is a branch of knowledge that has to do with protection against microorganisms that may cause physical disease and against psychological disease, in the individual and in society. Microorganisms are the cause of bacterial and other kinds of disease, and they are regarded as a community of living beings, most of which we cannot see with our eyes, but they exist everywhere, in the air, in water and in dust, on our bodies and in our mouths and intestines, and sometimes even in the food we eat. Some of them are beneficial and some are harmful. There are many different families and types of them, and they differ in size. The smallest of them are the viruses, followed by microbes, funguses, protozoa, various kinds of parasitic worms, and finally parasitic arthropods or insects.
There are three sources or habitats of them, namely man, animals and the environment (dust and water).
The texts of Shari'ah (Islamic legislation) enumerate several methods regarding the eradication of these organisms from their habitats and preventing them from causing harm to man, by establishing rules of cleanliness such as washing the hands and forearms, wiping the head and ears, washing the feet and washing the mouth and nose five times a day, washing each part three times.
Allah, the Exalted, says:
"O you who believe! When you intend to offer As-Salah (the prayer), wash your faces and your hands (forearms) up to the elbows, rub (by passing wet hands over) your heads, and (wash) your feet up to the ankles. If you are in a state of Janaba (i.e. after a sexual discharge), purify yourselves (bathe your whole body)..." (Al-Ma'idah, 5:6)
(from Islamic Medicine: The Key to a Better Life by Yusuf Al-Hajj Ahmad, Published by: Darussalam)
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